Introduction

This file outlines the sampling strategy for the Punjab province of Pakistan.

General Notes on Sampling

The survey is a combined effort of the Early Learning Partnership project and of the Global Education Policy Dashboard project.

Overall, we draw a sample of 200 public schools, 200 private schools and 200 public-private partnership (PPP) schools. We stratified by urban/rural.

At this stage it is important to note, that there are certain districts which we may not be able to visit due to security concerns, these are:

  • Mianwali
  • Dera Ghazi Khan (DG Khan)
  • Rajan Pur
  • Bhakkar

We have removed these districts from the sampling frame.

Out of the 200 public schools to be surveyed we would like approximately 100 of these schools to be schools that are meeting ECE quality standards (in the data set this corresponds to public_strata==1). Out of the remaining public schools to be sampled, 50 schools will be schools that have ECE but do not meet quality standards (public_strata==2) and 50 will be schools that have no ECE at all, and have only have katchi classes (public_strata==3).

Particular Notes

Due to operational constraints, we did not draw a random sample of all schools at province level. We selected six districts for the survey (out of 32). The survey team drew a convenience sample of 6 districts that is representative of North, Central and South Punjab, which includes both richer and poorer districts. A convenience sample was appropriate due to security and operational constraints of working in Punjab. The selected districts were:

  • Attock
  • Faisalabad
  • Lahore
  • Muzaffargarh
  • Rahimyar Khan
  • Sargodha

In order to deal with potential refusals and closed schools, a set of replacement schools was also drawn. Within the final strata, schools were sampled proportional to size (number of total enrolled children in pre-primary).

Sampling Frame

Our sampling frame then consists of public, private, and PPP schools in these six districts. Additionally, we restricted the frame to schools with at least 10 children enrolled in pre-primary, have at least 3 students in grade 1, and at least 3 students in grades 3, 4, or 5. These latter two restrictions ensured that the schools would contain relevant students and teachers for the Global Education Policy Dashboard survey.

Summary Statistics for Punjab Schools Overall in Sampling Frame

variable mean sd p0 p25 p50 p75 p100 hist
Public Schools
num_teachers 4.51 1.62 1 4 4 5 21 ▂▇▁▁▁▁▁▁
rural 0.86 0.35 0 1 1 1 1 ▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▇
total_1st_enrollment 34.83 26.43 3 18 29 43 399 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_1st_enrollment_boys 17.65 18.17 0 6 13 24 217 ▇▂▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_1st_enrollment_girls 17.19 21.01 0 4 11 22 340 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_ece_enrollment 14.71 12.31 0 6 10.5 20 85 ▇▅▂▁▁▁▁▁
total_ece_enrollment_boys 7.08 7.75 0 2 5 10 44 ▇▃▂▁▁▁▁▁
total_ece_enrollment_gils 7.64 9.64 0 1 5 10 80 ▇▂▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_enrollment 148.56 93.6 12 90 127 183 1322 ▇▂▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_katchi_enrollment 54.15 39.19 0 30 46 68 589 ▇▂▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_katchi_enrollment_boys 28.44 26.37 0 11 23 38 386 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_katchi_enrollment_girls 25.71 28.19 0 7 19 35 528 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
Private Schools
num_teachers 14.8 13.62 2 8 12 17 299 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
rural 0.47 0.5 0 0 0 1 1 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▇
total_1st_enrollment 28.84 25.96 3 14 22 35 502 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_1st_enrollment_boys 15.39 14.41 1 7 12 19 301 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_1st_enrollment_girls 13.42 12.91 1 6 10 16 232 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_enrollment 247.15 240.43 28 123 185 290 5641 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_pre_primary_enrollment 79.64 58.72 10 44 66 98 1026 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_pre_primary_enrollment_boys 46.94 34.58 4 27 39 57 568 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_pre_primary_enrollment_girls 41.86 30.18 4 23 35 51 458 ▇▂▁▁▁▁▁▁

Sampling of Schools in Districts

Schools (PSUs) will be selected using the Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method, where size is based on the total pre-primary enrollment of the schools. This method allows schools with larger enrollment of to have a higher chance of being selected in the sample. It is most useful when the sampling units vary considerably in size because it assures that those in larger sites have the same probability of getting into the sample as those in smaller sites, and vice versa.

Public Schools

Out of the 200 public schools to be surveyed we would like approximately 100 of these schools to be schools that are meeting ECE quality standards (in the data set this corresponds to public_strata==1). Out of the remaining public schools to be sampled, 50 schools will be schools that have ECE but do not meet quality standards (public_strata==2) and 50 will be schools that have no ECE at all, and have only have katchi classes (public_strata==3).

Around 86% of schools in the public school sampling frame are classified as rural. We do stratification by urban rural status, and over-sample urban schools, so that we have adequate power to detect differences. This results in a sample of around 64 urban schools and 136 rural schools.

Units are allocated to our districts proportionate to the size of the pre-primary enrollment in the district.

## Adding missing grouping variables: `public_strata`

Private Schools

Out of the 200 private schools to be surveyed we will stratify by district and by the urban/rural status of the school. Roughly 50% of the sample will be urban, compared to 47% in the full private sampling frame.

Summary Statistics of Sample

variable mean sd p0 p25 p50 p75 p100 complete hist
Public Schools
num_teachers 5.57 2.39 2 4 5 6.75 19 86 ▇▇▃▂▁▁▁▁
rural 0.68 0.47 0 0 1 1 1 200 ▃▁▁▁▁▁▁▇
total_1st_enrollment 60.56 49.61 7 32 47 68.5 399 200 ▇▃▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_1st_enrollment_boys 27.68 30.12 0 8 20 39 198 200 ▇▅▂▁▁▁▁▁
total_1st_enrollment_girls 32.88 39.6 0 7 21.5 46 340 200 ▇▂▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_ece_enrollment 16.93 12.1 0 7.5 15 24 51 95 ▇▇▅▆▃▂▁▁
total_ece_enrollment_boys 7.38 8.57 0 2 5 10.5 44 95 ▇▂▂▁▁▁▁▁
total_ece_enrollment_gils 9.55 10.81 0 2 6 10.5 49 95 ▇▅▂▁▁▁▁▁
total_enrollment 229.78 142.44 53 126.25 206.5 270 885 90 ▇▇▃▂▁▁▁▁
total_katchi_enrollment 88.83 56.58 8 51.75 74 106.5 343 200 ▃▇▃▂▁▁▁▁
total_katchi_enrollment_boys 43.02 37.5 0 16 37 62 288 200 ▇▆▂▁▁▁▁▁
total_katchi_enrollment_girls 45.81 47.5 0 14.75 33.5 66 310 200 ▇▅▁▁▁▁▁▁
Private Schools
num_teachers 19.05 16.37 4 10 14 22.25 120 118 ▇▂▁▁▁▁▁▁
rural 0.49 0.5 0 0 0 1 1 200 ▇▁▁▁▁▁▁▇
total_1st_enrollment 39.01 34.23 5 19 28 45.5 219 199 ▇▃▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_1st_enrollment_boys 21.41 19.38 2 10 16 23.5 128 200 ▇▅▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_1st_enrollment_girls 17.83 16.2 1 7 13 20.5 98 199 ▇▃▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_enrollment 347.33 317.02 54 172.75 239 399.25 2618 200 ▇▂▁▁▁▁▁▁
total_pre_primary_enrollment 113.92 81.12 14 61 91 124.25 468 200 ▆▇▂▁▁▁▁▁
total_pre_primary_enrollment_boys 64.46 47.8 15 34 50.5 73.25 261 140 ▇▆▂▁▁▁▁▁
total_pre_primary_enrollment_girls 55.26 35.4 10 33 44 62.5 207 140 ▅▇▂▂▁▁▁▁

Map of Selected Schools